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本文件界定了人工智能医疗器械质量要求和评价使用的术语。本文件适用于人工智能医疗器械的研发、生产、测试、质量控制等领域。
| 术语 | |
|---|---|
| 人工智能 | artificial intelligence; AI |
| 人工智能体 | AI agent |
| 人工智能医疗器械 | artificial intelligence medical device; AIMD |
| 人工智能医疗器械组件 | AIMD component |
| 医疗器械软件 | medical device software |
| 模式识别 | pattern recognition |
| 人工神经网络 | artificial neural network; ANN |
| 推理 | inference |
| 特征 | feature |
| 模型 | model |
| 机器学习 | machine learning; ML |
| 预测 | prediction |
| 深度学习 | deep learning |
| 知识 | knowledge |
| 监督学习 | supervised learning |
| 无监督学习 | unsupervised learning |
| 强化学习 | reinforcement learning; RL |
| 半监督学习 | semi-supervised learning |
| 自监督学习 | self-supervised learning |
| 弱监督学习 | weakly supervised learning |
| 集成学习 | ensemble learning |
| 主动学习 | active learning |
| 迁移学习 | transfer learning |
| 训练 | training |
| 交叉验证 | cross validation |
| 持续学习 | continuous learning |
| 过拟合 | overfitting |
| 欠拟合 | underfitting |
| 前馈神经网络 | feedforward neural network; FFNN |
| 反向传播网络 | back-propagation network |
| 前馈传播 | feedforward propagation |
| 参数 | parameter |
| 卷积神经网络 | convolutional neural network |
| 反馈传播 | feedback propagation |
| 医学知识库 | medical knowledgebase |
| 循环神经网络 | recurrent neural network; RNN |
| 长短时记忆网络 | long short-term memory network; LSTM network |
| 决策树 | decision tree |
| 支持向量机 | support vector machine |
| 算法服务 | algorithm service |
| 云服务 | cloud service |
| 规划 | planning |
| 任务 | task |
| 分类模型 | classification model |
| 回归模型 | regression model |
| 预训练模型 | pre-trained model |
| 任务域 | task domain |
| 源任务 | source task |
| 下游任务 | downstream task |
| 超参数 | hyperparameter |
| 微调 | fine-tuning |
| 边缘云服务 | edge cloud service |
| 本地服务 | local service |
| 人工智能医疗器械生存周期模型 | AIMD lifecycle model |
| 数据 | data |
| 个人敏感数据 | personal sensitive data |
| 个人可识别信息 | personally identifiable information; PII; personal data |
| 健康数据 | health data |
| 缺失数据 | missing data |
| 数据元 | data element |
| 元数据 | metadata |
| 数据质量 | data quality |
| 人工数据 | artificial data |
| 合成数据 | synthetic data |
| 扩增数据 | augmented data |
| 数据质量检查 | data quality checking |
| 数据集 | data set |
| 训练数据 | training data |
| 调优/验证/开发数据 | tuning/validation/development data |
| 测试/评价数据 | testing/evaluation data |
| 数据生存周期 | data life cycle |
| 数据集偏倚 | dataset bias |
| 数据质量特性 | data quality characteristic |
| 数据层次 | data stratification |
| 参考标准 | reference standard |
| 金标准 | gold standard |
| GT 值 | ground truth |
| 数据清洗 | data cleaning |
| 数据治理 | data governance |
| 数据挖掘 | data mining |
| 数据标签 | data label |
| 数据采集 | data acquisition |
| 数据脱敏 | data masking |
| 匿名化 | anonymization |
| 去标识化 | de-identification |
| 数据标注 | data annotation |
| 仲裁 | arbitration |
| 图像 | image |
| 图形 | graphics |
| 数据扩增 | data augmentation |
| 数据采样 | data sampling |
| 文本 | text |
| 数值 | numerical value |
| 音频 | audio |
| 视频 | video |
| 多媒体 | multimedia |
| 软件质量 | software quality |
| 软件质量保证 | software quality assurance |
| 性能 | performance |
| 性能评价 | performance evaluation |
| 可信赖 | trustworthiness |
| 可靠性 | reliability |
| 完整性 | integrity |
| 可问责 | accountability |
| 可预测性 | predictability |
| 一致性 | consistency |
| 重复性 | repeatability |
| 再现性 | reproducibility |
| 可达性 | accessibility |
| 可得性 | accessibility |
| 保密性 | confidentiality |
| 网络安全 | cybersecurity |
| 安全 | safety |
| 鲁棒性 | robustness |
| 泛化能力 | generalizability |
| 响应时间 | response time |
| 透明性 | transparency |
| 伦理 | ethics |
| 偏倚 | bias |
| 可控性 | controllability |
| 韧性 | resilience |
| 可追溯性 | traceability |
| 公平性 | fairness |
| 可解释性 | explainability |
| 维护性 | maintainability |
| 可移植性 | portability |
| 算法性能测试 | algorithm performance testing |
| 测试用例 | test case |
| 独立算法性能测试 | standalone algorithm performance testing |
| 判读者算法性能测试 | reader algorithm performance testing |
| 多阅片者多数据样本研究 | multi-reader multi-case study |
| 黑盒测试 | black-box testing |
| 白盒测试 | glass-box testing |
| 安全控制 | security controls |
| 对抗样本 | adversarial sample |
| 对抗测试 | adversarial test |
| 压力样本 | stress sample |
| 压力测试 | stress test |
| 扩增样本 | augment sample |
| 阳性样本 | positive sample |
| 阴性样本 | negative sample |
| 真阳性 | true positive; TP |
| 假阳性 | false positive; FP |
| 真阴性 | true negative; TN |
| 假阴性 | false negative;FN |
| 目标区域 | target region |
| 分割区域 | segmentation region |
| 病变定位 | lesion localization |
| 非病变定位 | non-lesion localization |
| 病变定位率 | lesion localization rate |
| 非病变定位率 | non-lesion localization rate |
| 假阳性率 | false positive rate |
| 灵敏度(敏感性) | sensitivity;Sen; recall; positive percentage agreement |
| 特异度(特异性) | specificity;Spe; negative percentage agreement |
| 漏检率 | miss rate |
| 精确度(查准率) | precision; positive prediction value; PPV |
| 误检率 | false rate; false positive rate; FPR |
| 阴性预测值 | negative prediction value; NPV |
| 准确率 | accuracy;Acc |
| F1 度量 | F1 -measure |
| 约登指数 | Youden index |
| 受试者操作特征曲线 | receiver operating characteristics curve; ROC curve |
| 自由响应受试者操作特征曲线 | free-response receiver operating characteristics curve; FROC curve |
| 候选自由受试者操作特征曲线 | alternative free receiver operating characteristics curve; AFROC curve |
| 精确度-召回率曲线 | precision-recall curve; P-R curve |
| 曲线下面积 | area under curve; AUC |
| 平均精确度 | average precision; AP |
| 平均精确度均值 | mean average precision; MAP |
| 交并比 | intersection over union; IoU |
| Dice 系数 | Dice coefficient |
| 中心点距离 | central distance |
| 混淆矩阵 | confusion matrix |
| Kappa 系数 | Kappa coefficient |
| 信噪比 | signal-to-noise ratio; SNR |
| 峰值信噪比 | peak signal-to-noise ratio |
| 结构相似性 | structural similarity |
| 余弦相似度 | cosine similarity |
| 困惑度 | perplexity |
| 字错率 | word error rate |
| 交叉熵 | cross-entropy |
| 互信息 | mutual information |
| 服务可用性 | service availability |
| 计算机辅助 | computer-aided |
| 计算机辅助诊断 | computer-aided diagnosis |
| 计算机辅助美利体育登录入口官网 | computer-aided detection |
| 计算机辅助分诊 | computer-aided triage |
| 临床决策支持 | clinical decision support |
| 患者决策辅助 | patient decision assistant |
| 计算机视觉 | computer vision; artificial vision |
| 语音识别 | speech recognition; automatic speech recognition; ASR |
| 自然语言处理 | natural language processing; NLP |
| 知识图谱 | knowledge graph |
| 医学图像处理 | medical image processing |
| 人工智能引导的图像采集/优化 | image acquisition/optimization guided by artificial intelligence |
| 计算机辅助手术规划 | computer-aided surgical planning |
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